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This topic discusses how applications can expose information about themselves necessary to enable certain scenarios. This includes information needed to locate the application, the verbs that the application supports and the types of files that an application can handle.

This topic is organized as follows:

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• Registering Applications

Note

Applications can also be registered in the Set Program Access and Computer Defaults (SPAD) and Set Your Default Programs (SYDP) control panel applications. For information about SPAD and SYDP application registration, see Guidelines for File Associations and Default Programs, and Set Program Access and Computer Defaults (SPAD).

Finding an Application Executable

When the ShellExecuteEx function is called with the name of an executable file in its lpFile parameter, there are several places where the function looks for the file. We recommend registering your application in the App Paths registry subkey. Doing so avoids the need for applications to modify the system PATH environment variable.

The file is sought in the following locations:

• The current working directory.
• The Windows directory only (no subdirectories are searched).
• The WindowsSystem32 directory.
• Directories listed in the PATH environment variable.
• Recommended: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Paths

Registering Applications

Both the App Paths and Applications registry subkeys are used to register and control the behavior of the system on behalf of applications. The App Paths subkey is the preferred location.

Using the App Paths Subkey

In Windows 7 and later, we strongly recommend you install applications per user rather than per machine. An application that is installed for per user can be registered under HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Paths. An application that is installed for all users of the computer can be registered under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Paths.

The entries found under App Paths are used primarily for the following purposes:

• To map an application's executable file name to that file's fully qualified path.
• To pre-pend information to the PATH environment variable on a per-application, per-process basis.

If the name of a subkey of App Paths matches the file name, the Shell performs two actions:

• The (Default) entry is used as the file's fully qualified path.
• The Path entry for that subkey is pre-pended to the PATH environment variable of that process. If this is not required, the Path value can be omitted.

Potential issues to be aware of include:

• The Shell limits the length of a command line to MAX_PATH * 2 characters. If there are many files listed as registry entries or their paths are long, file names later in the list could be lost as the command line is truncated.
• Some applications do not accept multiple file names in a command line.
• Some applications that accept multiple file names do not recognize the format in which the Shell provides them. The Shell provides the parameter list as a quoted string, but some applications might require strings without quotes.
• Not all items that can be dragged are part of the file system; for example, printers. These items do not have a standard Win32 path, so there is no way to provide a meaningful lpParameters value to ShellExecuteEx.

Using the DropTarget entry avoids these potential issues by providing access to all of the clipboard formats, including CFSTR_SHELLIDLIST (for long file lists) and CFSTR_FILECONTENTS (for non-file-system objects).

To register and control the behavior of your applications with the App Paths subkey:

1. Add a subkey with the same name as your executable file to the App Paths subkey, as shown in the following registry entry.

2. See the following table for details of the App Paths subkey entries.

   Registry entry	Details
   (Default)	Is the fully qualified path to the application. The application name provided in the (Default) entry can be stated with or without its .exe extension. If necessary, the ShellExecuteEx function adds the extension when searching App Paths subkey. The entry is of the REG_SZ type.
   DontUseDesktopChangeRouter	Is mandatory for debugger applications to avoid file dialog deadlocks when debugging the Windows Explorer process. Setting the DontUseDesktopChangeRouter entry produces a slightly less efficient handling of the change notifications, however. The entry is of the REG_DWORD type and the value is 0x1.
   DropTarget	Is a class identifier (CLSID). The DropTarget entry contains the CLSID of an object (usually a local server rather than an in-process server) that implements IDropTarget. By default, when the drop target is an executable file, and no DropTarget value is provided, the Shell converts the list of dropped files into a command-line parameter and passes it to ShellExecuteEx through lpParameters.
   Path	Supplies a string (in the form of a semicolon-separated list of directories) to append to the PATH environment variable when an application is launched by calling ShellExecuteEx. It is the fully qualified path to the .exe. It is of REG_SZ. In Windows 7 and later, the type can be REG_EXPAND_SZ, and is commonly REG_EXPAND_SZ %ProgramFiles%. [!Note] In addition to the (Default), Path, and DropTarget entries recognized by the Shell, an application can also add custom values to its executable file's App Paths subkey. We encourage application developers to use the App Paths subkey to provide an application-specific path instead of making additions to the global system path.
   SupportedProtocols	Creates a string that contains the URL protocol schemes for a given key. This can contain multiple registry values to indicate which schemes are supported. This string follows the format of scheme1:scheme2. If this list is not empty, file: will be added to the string. This protocol is implicitly supported when SupportedProtocols is defined.
   UseUrl	Indicates that your application can accept a URL (instead of a file name) on the command line. Applications that can open documents directly from the internet, like web browsers and media players, should set this entry. When the ShellExecuteEx function starts an application and the UseUrl=1 value is not set, ShellExecuteEx downloads the document to a local file and invokes the handler on the local copy. For example, if the application has this entry set and a user right-clicks on a file stored on a web server, the Open verb will be made available. If not, the user will have to download the file and open the local copy. The UseUrl entry is of REG_DWORD type, and the value is 0x1. In Windows Vista and earlier, this entry indicated that the URL should be passed to the application along with a local file name, when called via ShellExecuteEx. In Windows 7, it indicates that the application can understand any http or https url that is passed to it, without having to supply the cache file name as well. This registry key is associated with the SupportedProtocols key.

Using the Applications Subkey

Through the inclusion of registry entries under the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTApplicationsApplicationName.exe subkey, applications can provide the application-specific information shown in the following table.

Examples

Some examples of application registrations through the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTApplicationsApplicationName.exe subkey are as follows. All registry entry values are of REG_SZ type, with the exception of DefaultIcon which is of REG_EXPAND_SZ type.

Registering Verbs and Other File Association Information

Subkeys registered under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTSystemFileAssociations enable the Shell to define the default behavior of attributes for file types and enable shared file associations. When users change the default application for a file type, the ProgID of the new default application has priority in providing verbs and other association information. This priority is due to it being the first entry in the association array. If the default program is changed, the information under the previous ProgID is no longer available.

To deal proactively with the consequences of a change to default programs, you can use HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTSystemFileAssociations to register verbs and other association information. Due to their location after the ProgID in the association array, these registrations are lower priority. These SystemFileAssociationsregistrations are stable even when users change the default programs, and provide a location to register secondary verbs that will always be available for a particular file type. For a registry example, see Registering a Perceived Type later in this topic.

The following registry example shows what happens when the user runs the Default Programs item in Control Panel to change the default for .mp3 files to App2ProgID. After changing the default, Verb1 is no longer available, and Verb2 becomes the default.

Registering a Perceived Type

Registry values for perceived types are defined as subkeys of the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTSystemFileAssociations registry subkey. For example, the perceived type text is registered as follows:

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A file type's perceived type is indicated by including a PerceivedType value in the file type's subkey. The PerceivedType value is set to the name of the perceived type registered under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTSystemFileAssociations registry subkey, as shown in the previous registry example. To declare .cpp files as being of perceived type 'text', for example, add the following registry entry:

Related topics

A severely corrupted Registry can turn your PC into a brick. Even a simple Registry damage can lead to a chain reaction within your Windows OS, damaging your data beyond recovery. So, it is important for you to fix corrupt registry as soon as you can.

So, what causes damaged Registry in Windows 10? You can get a damaged registry on your PC because of several reasons. One of the main reasons that cause Registry damage is some sort of manual change in the Registry. Sometimes, even the slightest change in Registry can cause major issues. And that is why it is always suggested not to mess with the Registry unless you know what you are doing. Sometimes, even a harmful software can cause corrupted registry in Windows 10.

A corrupted registry in Windows 10 can reflect the following issues on your system:

• You will not be able to boot your system. You may get a blue screen error during startup and the boot remains restricted to the blue screen.
• You will be able to boot the system, as damage is nominal, but while operating your PC, you can suddenly get a blue screen error. All your unsaved data will be gone. Although in this type of error, you will be able to access your PC for a while, the chances of damaging your PC’s Registry further is more.

How To Fix Corrupted Registry In Windows 10?

The approach to fix this particular issue will more or less remain the same, whether you are able to boot into Windows 10 or not. We are going to try a variety of things to fix your corrupted Registry up. This will cover restoring your Registry to a previous point, scanning and fixing your Registry, repairing Windows 10, and a couple of other things. Beginning with the most trusted method by users to fix registry, we are going to cover other methods as well. If the first one fixed your corrupted Windows 10 registry then all well and good, else jump to the next method till your issue is solved.

Fix 1 – Repair Windows 10 to Fix Corrupted Registry

One of the ways to fix a corrupted registry in Windows 10 is through Windows RE mode, that is Recovery Environment mode. You can easily enter Windows RE mode without booting Windows normally, and then carry out the auto repair. In order to repair Windows 10, follow the steps mentioned below:

Step 1: The first step is booting the computer in Windows Recovery Environment. To do so, start your PC, then as soon as any error shows up, or you see the login screen, hold down the PC’s Power button as long as the PC turns off. This may require you to hold the Power button for around 5 seconds and is known as Force Shut Down. Once the PC powers off, repeat the process of force shutting down PC a few more times till your PC shows Preparing Automatic Repair screen. You will have to wait until the PC runs the diagnostics and enters Windows RE mode.

Note: Your PC may enter the Windows Recovery Environment in the first trial. So, be mindful not to restart PC again once RE mode is entered.

Step 2: Once the diagnostics are run completely, you will see the following dialog along with options. Click on the Advanced Options.

Step 3: In the next screen that appears, you will get three options; click on the Troubleshoot option.

Step 4: Now, from the next screen, click on the Advanced Options.

Step 5: Here, you will find 6 different options to choose from. You will have to click on the Startup Repair option.

This will bring up the repair screen where Windows will first run a diagnosis, then fix the detected problems for you. The tool will show that your error was fixed if that was the case. In case an issue is found and Windows RE is unable to solve it, then you will be informed about the same.

Once Windows RE tool says that error was fixed, try to start the PC normally. In case if it wasn’t able to, try out the next method where you will be resetting Windows 10 on your PC.

Fix 2 – Use Registry Cleaner Tools (Third Party)

1. Download Regsofts Free Registry Repair tool

2. Install it on Your PC.

3. Now, Click on Start Scan to Scan Registry Errors.

4. Once the Scan Gets Finished, Click on Fix Errors to Fix all Registry Errors.

Although a Registry Cleanup doesn’t always show a promising result, there’s no harm in trying this method out, as it has worked for some of the users to fix corrupted Registry in Windows 10.

Fix 3- Restore Registry Backup to Fix Windows 10 Corrupt Registry

In this method, we will try to restore the Registry back to a previous state when the computer was working just fine. For this, we will first confirm if some change was made that could have corrupted your PC’s registry. If any such change is found, we will roll back the PC to the point where it was working fine. This method is also known as restoring your PC back to a previous state using the secret Registry backup.

For this, you will have to boot your PC in Safe Mode with Command Prompt. Follow these steps carefully to carry out this method to fix corrupted Registry in Windows 10:

Step 1: Start your computer, and as soon as it starts, keep pressing the F8 key repeatedly (with a time interval of around half a second) until you get the Advanced Boot Menu. When you are there, select the Safe Mode with Command Prompt option. You might be asked to log in as administrator. Log in with your ID and password (must have administrator rights). Your PC will boot in Safe Mode with Command Prompt open.

Step 2: In this step, you have to check which drive has Windows installed in it. The drive names where Windows is installed are C:, D: or E:. Let us assume the drive where your windows OS is installed is C: drive.

Step 3: In this step, we try to extract and examine the recent activities in Windows. For this, type the following command in Command Prompt one at a time and press Enter after each line:

Note: Replace the C in the above commands with your PC’s drive name which has Windows installed, in case it’s different on your PC.

This will pull off details of changes made to/by any Software, System files, or SAM files. Go through the date of the changes that show up to see if a change was made recently that could have caused a corrupted Registry in Windows 10. If yes, follow the next step, else discontinue if the changes made were done long back.

Step 4: Now, type the following commands one at a time and press Enter after every line:

Note: The two dots in the above commands are included in the commands.

Once the process is complete, restart your PC in normal mode. This would most probably solve the problem, as this one has helped many users to fix corrupted Registry in Windows 10. If you still get the same problem. try the next method out.

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Fix 4 – Run SFC Scan

SFC Scan or System File Checker is an inbuilt tool in Windows 10 that looks for corrupt files in the system file directory. And, in case any file(s) is found that needs repair, it fixes that file. You can use this tool to run a scan through your PC and it will look for corrupt files in your Registry, and fix it if found. This tool has been reported by users to fix corrupted Registry in Windows 10. Here are the steps to follow:

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Step 1: Follow the Step 1 as mentioned in Method #1 to boot PC in Safe Mode with Command Prompt.

Step 2: When in Safe Mode with Command Prompt, type the following command and hit the Enter key on your keyboard:

The SFC scan will start running. The scan may take some time to complete, so have some patience while it does that. Do not interrupt the scan until it is complete. When the scan is over, restart your PC in normal mode to see if the corrupt Registry error shows up.

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If the error prevails, there’s a couple of additional steps that you will need to follow. It happens sometimes that the SFC scan is unable to fix all the corrupt system files. This will require you to run a DISM Scan or Deployment Image & Servicing Management Scan. This scan repairs corrupt system files that didn’t let SFC scan fix do its work completely.

To run a DISM scan, restart PC in Safe Mode with Command Prompt as mentioned above. Once done, type the following command in Safe Mode Command Prompt:

When the DISM scan is over, run the SFC scan again using the SFC command mentioned above. After the SFC command completes, it’s time for you to restart your PC again in normal mode. This would probably fix the corrupt Registry error for you.

If the Registry wasn’t fixed, give the next method a try.

Fix 5 – Reset Windows 10 (without losing personal data)

If none of the above options is working for you, then here’s a sure shot solution to go with in order to fix Corrupt Registry in Windows 10. Here you will reset Windows 10, and by doing so, Windows will be reset like it was new without any Registry error. Although it is a great solution to fix corrupted Registry problem, most people do not want to try this out in the first go. The reason being, when Windows 10 is reset, all the Windows settings will be reverted, and all the programs installed on your PC will be gone. However, you can always make sure that your personal files will not be deleted. By personal files, I mean the files available in other drives than the drive in which Windows OS is installed. So, if you are okay to lose your installed programs, you can go with this method. Here are the steps to follow:

Step 1: From the Method #3 mentioned above, follow the Step 1, Step 2, and Step3 to open the Troubleshoot menu in Windows 10 Recovery environment.

Step 2: From the Troubleshoot menu, select the Reset this PC option.

Step 3: Now, from the next screen, select the Keep my files.

Step 4: You PC will be readied now for a Windows 10 Reset. The Reset Wizard’s instructions will easily guide you for a Windows 10 reset.

This process may take several minutes, so let the Windows 10 reset run. It may take more than a couple of minutes, so be patient. Once the reset is complete, try to login to your PC normally and check if corrupted Registry error shows up or not.

Final Words

Registry of your Windows is a very important and sensitive part. It needs to be taken care of delicately. If you found some piece with methods to tweak the Registry manually, do not follow it unless you make sure it is a legitimate process. Also, if you have the slightest doubt about what you are doing, do not proceed.

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You can also contact your PC manufacturer’s customer care to get Windows 10 Corrupted Registry fixed for you.